Predictors of enhancing human physical attractiveness

Autor(en): Marta Kowal, Piotr Sorokowski, Katarzyna Pisanski, Jaroslava V. Valentova, Marco A. C. Varella, David A. Frederick, Laith Al-Shawaf, Felipe E. Garcia, Isabella Giammusso, Biljana Gjoneska, Luca Kozma, Tobias Otterbring, Marietta Papadatou-Pastou, Gerit Pfuhl, Sabrina Stoeckli, Anna Studzinska, Ezgi Toplu-Demirtas, Anna K. Touloumakos, Bence E. Bakos, Carlota Batres, Solenne Bonneterre, Johanna Czamanski-Cohen, Jovi C. Dacanay, Eliane Deschrijver, Maryanne L. Fisher, Caterina Grano, Dmitry Grigoryev, Pavol Kacmar, Mikhail Kozlov, Efisio Manunta, Karlijn Massar, Joseph P. McFall, Moises Mebarak, Maria Rosa Miccoli, Taciano L. Milfont, Pavol Prokop, Toivo Aavik, Patricia Arriaga, Roberto Baiocco, Jiri Cenek, Hakan Cetinkaya, Izzet Duyar, Farida Guemaz, Tatsunori Ishii, Julia A. Kamburidis, Hareesol Khun-Inkeeree, Linda H. Lidborg, Hagar Manor, Ravit Nussinson, Mohd Sofian B. Omar-Fauzee, Farid Pazhoohi, Koen Ponnet, Anabela Caetano Santos, Oksana Senyk, Ognen Spasovski, Mona Vintila, Austin H. Wang, Gyesook Yoo, Oulmann Zerhouni, Rizwana Amin, Sibele Aquino, Merve Boga, Mahmoud Boussena, Ali R. Can, Seda Can, Rita Castro, Antonio Chirumbolo, Ogeday Coker, Clement Cornec, Seda Dural, Stephanie J. Eder, Nasim Ghahraman Moharrampour, Simone Grassini, Evgeniya Hristova, Gozde Ikizer, Nicolas Kervyn, Mehmet Koyuncu, Yoshihiko Kunisato, Samuel Lins, Tetyana Mandzyk, Silvia Mari, Alan D. A. Mattiassi, Aybegum Memisoglu-Sanli, Mara Morelli, Felipe C. Novaes, Miriam Parise, Irena Pavela Banai, Mariia Perun, Nejc Plohl, Fatima Zahra Sahli, Dusana Sakan, Sanja Smojver-Azic, Caglar Solak, Sinem Soylemez, Asako Toyama, Anna Wlodarczyk, Yuki Yamada, Beatriz Abad-Villaverde, Reza Afhami, Grace Akello, Nael H. Alami, Leyla Alma, Marios Argyrides, Derya Atamturk, Nana Burduli, Sayra Cardona, Joao Carneiro, Andrea Castaneda, Izabela Chalatkiewicz, William J. Chopik, Dimitri Chubinidze, Daniel Conroy-Beam, Jorge Contreras-Garduno, Diana Ribeiro da Silva, Yahya B. Don, Silvia Donato, Dmitrii Dubrov, Michaela Durackova, Sanjana Dutt, Samuel O. Ebimgbo, Ignacio Estevan, Edgardo Etchezahar, Peter Fedor, Feten Fekih-Romdhane, Tomasz Frackowiak, Katarzyna Galasinska, Lukasz Gargula, Benjamin Gelbart, Talia Gomez Yepes, Brahim Hamdaoui, Ivana Hromatko, Salome N. Itibi, Luna Jaforte, Steve M. J. Janssen, Marija Jovic, Kevin S. Kertechian, Farah Khan, Aleksander Kobylarek, Maida Koso-Drljevic, Anna Krasnodebska, Valerija Krizanic, Miguel Landa-Blanco, Alvaro Mailhos, Tiago Marot, Tamara Martinac Dorcic, Martha Martinez-Banfi, Mat Rahimi Yusof, Marlon Mayorga-Lascano, Vita Mikuliciute, Katarina Misetic, Bojan Musil, Arooj Najmussaqib, Kavitha Nalla Muthu, Jean C. Natividade, Izuchukwu L. G. Ndukaihe, Ellen K. Nyhus, Elisabeth Oberzaucher, Salma S. Omar, Franciszek Ostaszewski, Ma Criselda T. Pacquing, Ariela F. Pagani, Ju Hee Park, Ekaterine Pirtskhalava, Ulf-Dietrich Reips, Marc Eric S. Reyes, Jan P. Roer, Aysegul Sahin, Adil Samekin, Ruta Sargautyte, Tatiana Semenovskikh, Henrik Siepelmeyer, Sangeeta Singh, Alicja Soltys, Agnieszka Sorokowska, Rodrigo Soto-Lopez, Liliya Sultanova, William Tamayo-Agudelo, Chee-Seng Tan, Gulmira T. Topanova, Merve Topcu Bulut, Bastien Tremoliere, Singha Tulyakul, Belguzar N. Turkan, Arkadiusz Urbanek, Tatiana Volkodav, Kathryn Walter, Mohd Faiz Mohd Yaakob, Marcos Zumarraga-Espinosa
Abstrakt: People across the world and throughout history have gone to great lengths to enhance their physical appearance. Evolutionary psychologists and ethologists have largely attempted to explain this phenomenon via mating preferences and strategies. Here, we test one of the most popular evolutionary hypotheses for beauty-enhancing behaviors, drawn from mating market and parasite stress perspectives, in a large cross-cultural sample. We also test hypotheses drawn from other influential and non-mutually exclusive theoretical frameworks, from biosocial role theory to a cultural media perspective. Survey data from 93,158 human participants across 93 countries provide evidence that behaviors such as applying makeup or using other cosmetics, hair grooming, clothing style, caring for body hygiene, and exercising or following a specific diet for the specific purpose of improving ones physical attractiveness, are universal. Indeed, 99% of participants reported spending >10 min a day performing beauty-enhancing behaviors. The results largely support evolutionary hypotheses: more time was spent enhancing beauty by women (almost 4 h a day, on average) than by men (3.6 h a day), by the youngest participants (and contrary to predictions, also the oldest), by those with a relatively more severe history of infectious diseases, and by participants currently dating compared to those in established relationships. The strongest predictor of attractiveness-enhancing behaviors was social media usage. Other predictors, in order of effect size, included adhering to traditional gender roles, residing in countries with less gender equality, considering oneself as highly attractive or, conversely, highly unattractive, TV watching time, higher socioeconomic status, right-wing political beliefs, a lower level of education, and personal individualistic attitudes. This study provides novel insight into universal beauty-enhancing behaviors by unifying evolutionary theory with several other complementary perspectives.
Organisation(en): Department für Neurowissenschaften und Entwicklungsbiologie, Department für Evolutionäre Anthropologie
Externe Organisation(en): Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Université Jean-Monnet-Saint-Étienne, Université Claude-Bernard-Lyon-I, Universidade de São Paulo, Chapman University, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, Universidad de Concepción, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, University of Pécs, University of the West of Scotland, University of Agder, Institute of Retail Economics, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Universitätsspital Bern (Inselspital), Institut national polytechnique de Toulouse, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Institut Catholique d'Arts et Metiers de Toulouse, MEF University, Panteion University of Social and Political Science, University of Oxford, Eötvös Loránd University Budapest, Franklin & Marshall College, Archéologies et sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), CNRS-UMR 7041, University of Haifa, University of Asia and the Pacific, University of New South Wales, Ghent University Hospital, Saint Mary's University, Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, National Research University, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, University of Turku, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Reims, Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès, Universitätsklinikum Maastricht, State University of New York, Albany, State University of New York, Fredonia, Universidad del Norte, Universität Konstanz, University of Waikato, Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave, Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS), University of Tartu, ISCTE - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Mendel University in Brno , Yaşar University, Istanbul University, Mohamed Lamine Debaghine Setif 2 University , Japan Women's University, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", Prince of Songkla University, Durham University, Open University of Israel, Universiti Utara Malaysia, University of British Columbia (UBC), Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Ukrainian Catholic University, Univerzita sv. Cyrila a Metoda v Trnave, West University of Timisoara, University of Nevada, Reno, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, Kyung Hee University, Bahria University, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, EGE University, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, İzmir University of Economics, Universidade do Porto, Pamukkale University, University of Melbourne, University of Stavanger, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , New Bulgarian University, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Senshu University, Donetsk National University, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Middle East Technical University, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Universität Maribor, Mohammed V University, Universität Union, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Celal Bayar University, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Universidad Católica del Norte, Kyushu University, Universidad Nacional Pedro Henriquez Urena, Tarbiat Modares University, Gulu University, Modern University for Business and Science, Neapolis University, Agricultural University of Georgia, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Michigan State University, Tbilisi State Medical University, University of California, Riverside, University of California, Santa Barbara, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Universidade de Coimbra, Nicolaus Copernicus University, University of Nigeria, Universidad de la República, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Université de Tunis - El Manar, Hopital Razi, Universidad Internacional de Valencia, Université Ibn Tofail, University of Zagreb, Busara Center for Behavioral Economics, University of Nottingham Malaysia, University of Belgrade, ESSEC Business School, Women University Mardan, University of Sarajevo, Opole University, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Honduras, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Vilnius University (VU), National University of Modern Languages, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike Ikwo, Alexandria University, Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas, Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Kazguu University, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Kazakh National Women's Teacher Training University, Lund University, Thaksin University, Kuban State University, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Yonsei University
Journal: Evolution and Human Behavior
Band: 43
Seiten: 455-474
Anzahl der Seiten: 20
ISSN: 1090-5138
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2022.08.003
Publikationsdatum: 11-2022
Peer-reviewed: Ja
ÖFOS 2012: 501002 Angewandte Psychologie
Schlagwörter
ASJC Scopus Sachgebiete: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous)
Sustainable Development Goals: SDG 5 – Geschlechtergleichheit, SDG 3 – Gesundheit und Wohlergehen
Link zum Portal: https://ucrisportal.univie.ac.at/de/publications/54af4ac0-17a4-4079-a8ba-68f98c3474bc