Integrating Transwomen and Female Athletes with Differences of Sex Development (DSD) into Elite Competition

Autor(en)

Blair R. Hamilton, Giscard Lima, James Barrett, Leighton Seal, Alexander Kolliari-Turner, Guan Wang, Antonia Karanikolou, Xavier Bigard, Herbert Lollgen, Petra Zupet, Anca Ionescu, Andre Debruyne, Nigel Jones, Karin Vonbank, Federica Fagnani, Chiara Fossati, Maurizio Casasco, Demitri Constantinou, Bernd Wolfarth, David Niederseer, Andrew Bosch, Borja Muniz-Pardos, Jose Antonio Casajus, Christian Schneider, Sigmund Loland, Michele Verroken, Pedro Manonelles Marqueta, Francisco Arroyo, Andre Pedrinelli, Konstantinos Natsis, Evert Verhagen, William O. Roberts, Jose Kawazoe Lazzoli, Rogerio Friedman, Ali Erdogan, Ana V. Cintron, Shu-Hang Patrick Yung, Dina C. Janse van Rensburg, Dimakatso A. Ramagole, Sandra Rozenstoka, Felix Drummond, Theodora Papadopoulou, Paulette Y. O. Kumi, Richard Twycross-Lewis, Joanna Harper, Vasileios Skiadas, Jonathan Shurlock, Kumpei Tanisawa, Jane Seto, Kathryn North, Siddhartha S. Angadi, Maria Jose Martinez-Patino, Mats Borjesson, Luigi Di Luigi, Michiko Dohi, Jeroen Swart, James Lee John Bilzon, Victoriya Badtieva, Irina Zelenkova, Juergen M. Steinacker, Norbert Bachl, Fabio Pigozzi, Michael Geistlinger, Dimitrios G. Goulis, Fergus Guppy, Nick Webborn, Bulent O. Yildiz, Mike Miller, Patrick Singleton, Yannis P. Pitsiladis

Abstrakt

Sport is historically designated by the binary categorization of male and female that conflicts with modern society. Sport’s governing bodies should consider reviewing rules determining the eligibility of athletes in the female category as there may be lasting advantages of previously high testosterone concentrations for transwomen athletes and currently high testosterone concentrations in differences in sex development (DSD) athletes. The use of serum testosterone concentrations to regulate the inclusion of such athletes into the elite female category is currently the objective biomarker that is supported by most available scientific literature, but it has limitations due to the lack of sports performance data before, during or after testosterone suppression. Innovative research studies are needed to identify other biomarkers of testosterone sensitivity/responsiveness, including molecular tools to determine the functional status of androgen receptors. The scientific community also needs to conduct longitudinal studies with specific control groups to generate the biological and sports performance data for individual sports to inform the fair inclusion or exclusion of these athletes. Eligibility of each athlete to a sport-specific policy needs to be based on peer-reviewed scientific evidence made available to policymakers from all scientific communities. However, even the most evidence-based regulations are unlikely to eliminate all differences in performance between cisgender women with and without DSD and transwomen athletes. Any remaining advantage held by transwomen or DSD women could be considered as part of the athlete’s unique makeup.

Organisation(en)

Institut für Staats- und Verwaltungsrecht, Institut für Sport- und Bewegungswissenschaft, Institut für Rechtsphilosophie

Externe Organisation(en)

University of Brighton, Gender Identity Clinic, FIMS Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine, Università degli studi di Roma "Foro Italico", Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), European Federation of Sports Medicine Associations (EFSMA), British Association of Sport & Exercise Medicine (BASEM), British Cycling, Liverpool Hope University, Medizinische Universität Wien, Clinica Roma Villa Stuart, Italian Federation of Sports Medicine (FMSI), University of Witwatersrand, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Universitätsspital Zürich, University of Cape Town, Universidad de Zaragoza, Orthopädiezentrum Theresie, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, De Montfort University, Sporting Integrity Ltd, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, FIMS Collaborating Center of Sports Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, FIMS Collaborating Center of Sports Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, FIMS Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine, Puerto Rico Sports Medicine Federation, Chinese University of Hong Kong, University of Pretoria, FIMS Collaborating Center of Sports Medicine, FIMS Collaboration Centre of Sports Medicine, Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Loughborough University, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Waseda University, Murdoch Children's Research Institute (MCRI), Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, University of Virginia, Universidad de Vigo, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Bath, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow Healthcare Department, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Paris-Lodron Universität Salzburg, Hacettepe University, World Olympians Association

Journal

Sports Medicine

Band

51

Seiten

1401-1415

Anzahl der Seiten

15

ISSN

0112-1642

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01451-8

Publikationsdatum

07-2021

Peer-reviewed

Ja

ÖFOS 2012

303028 Sportwissenschaft, 305908 Sportmedizin

Schlagwörter

ASJC Scopus Sachgebiete

Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine

Link zum Portal

https://ucris.univie.ac.at/portal/de/publications/integrating-transwomen-and-female-athletes-with-differences-of-sex-development-dsd-into-elite-competition(7c4ae7cd-e235-4118-b2cd-a72cb938034d).html